The mechanism of breathing is creating an air pressure gradient between the environment and lungs. Since gases always get transferred from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas, air will flow down the pressure gradient. Animals like mammals and amphibians use this principle in different ways to transfer air to their lungs. Amphibians like frogs create high pressure in their mouth and this is known as positive pressure breathing. However, mammals utilize their diaphragm muscles to lower the pressure inside the lungs and this is known as negative pressure breathing. The results are the same in either way.
The major mechanism of respiration in amphibians is positive pressure breathing. They utilize this form of breathing to fill their lungs with air. The best and well-studied example is that of frogs. Like humans, frogs do not have a diaphragm or rib structure. They have sac-like lungs that are directly attached to the oral cavity. To fill the lungs with air, the frog initially fills air in the mouth by lowering the mouth floor. Air is pulled through nostrils. After this, the nostril closes, and the valve called a glottis connects the nostril and the mouth opens to let the air flow in.
Since the buccal cavity is attached to the lungs, the mouth pushes air inside the lungs. To exhale, the same process takes place in reverse order, which means, it draws carbon dioxide-rich air from the lungs and pushes it into the buccal cavity to be released through the nostrils.
Respiration in Frog:
The frog is a well-studied example that respires in three mechanisms. The gas exchange can happen with its surroundings through the skin, lining of the mouth by creating a positive pressure, or through the lungs.
When it is completely submerged, the respiration takes place through the skin. The skin is made up of a thin tissue membrane that is permeable in water through which the respiratory gases diffuse according to their gradients.
Like the humans, the frog can also respire through the lungs by inhaling air through the nostrils and letting it down the lungs. But since it does not have ribs or diaphragm, the air is taken through by a positive pressure gradient. However, this is not the predominant form of breathing as the lungs of the adult frogs are not so well developed.
Positive pressure breathing vs Negative pressure breathing:
A frog respires by gulping air into its mouth. This then closes the nostrils and mouth and moves the bottom of the mouth upwards to create a small cavity. This results in an increase in pressure as the same quantity of the air occupies a low space now in the buccal cavity of the frog. The air then moves to the lungs of the frog that has low pressure. This movement is because air always moves from higher pressure to the lower pressure region. This entire mechanism is known as positive pressure breathing as the frog actively generates an increased or positive pressure higher than the pressure in the atmosphere in the buccal cavity to generate the air pressure gradient. Breathing out does not require energy and is known as passive breathing in frogs. The high elastic nature of the walls of the body helps to push the air outside of the lungs after the mouth is opened once again. A similar mechanism is followed for the breathing of mammals where a pressure gradient is created by the movement of the diaphragm and the rib structure up and outwards. This is by using intercostal muscles. Amphibians including the frog cannot use this mechanism as they do not have ribs. This results in the lungs to expand by decreasing the pressure of the air inside them as the same quantity of air now requires more space. The air then is transferred from the outside of the body that has high pressure to the inside of the lungs that has low pressure. The entire mechanism is like a suction pump. As the negative pressure that is less than the atmospheric pressure is formed in the lungs, this type of breathing is known as negative pressure breathing. However, the breathing here is passive too and does not require any energy. The muscles in the rib and diaphragm relaxes to let the air out of the lungs in a reverse manner. Reptiles and birds also utilize negative pressure breathing.
However, it is fascinating that humans can be trained to breathe like a frog by utilizing a positive pressure gradient. The breathing of a frog can be taught to humans who have an impaired muscle of the ribs and diaphragm such as in a polio attack or paralysis. This can let them breathe on their own instead of a mechanical ventilation system. However, frogs cannot be taught to breathe as humans do. They breathe in two ways, bimodal breathers where about 50 % of gas exchange occurs via the skin, and as tadpoles and larvae, they have gills as a respiratory organ through which they breathe underwater.
Get Professional Assignment Help Cheaply
Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?
Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.
Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?
- Plagiarism free papers
- Timely delivery
- Any deadline
- Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
- Subject-relevant academic writer
- Adherence to paper instructions
- Ability to tackle bulk assignments
- Reasonable prices
- 24/7 Customer Support
- Get superb grades consistently
Online Academic Help With Different Subjects
Literature
Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.
Finance
Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.
Computer science
Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!
Psychology
While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.
Engineering
Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.
Nursing
In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.
Sociology
Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.
Business
We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!
Statistics
We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.
Law
Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.
What discipline/subjects do you deal in?
We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.
Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?
Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.
What if I don’t like the paper?
There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.
Reasons being:
- When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
- We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.
In the event that you don’t like your paper:
- The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
- We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
- Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.
Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?
Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.
What if the paper is plagiarized?
We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.
When will I get my paper?
You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.
Will anyone find out that I used your services?
We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.
How our Assignment Help Service Works
1. Place an order
You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.
2. Pay for the order
Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.
3. Track the progress
You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.
4. Download the paper
The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.
PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!
