Managerial Accounting Concepts And Principles

Managerial Accounting Concepts
Managerial accounting is the method of assessing and recording information on economic activity within companies to be used by managers for planning, cost benefit analysis, cost behavior and variances, performance evaluation, and operational control. Some of these are described below:

Planning and Budgeting: Planning is to determine what items to make, where and when to produce them. Determining the materials, labor, and other services required to achieve the desired production. In management accounting, the weekly and monthly budgets control the types of goods sold, the amount of product inventory and the price points required to ensure that companies maintain adequate margins to cover expenses and stay solvent. Also, capital identifies possible future investments, such as acquisitions, purchases of new equipment, improvements to infrastructure, and long-term investment in projects.

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Managerial Accounting Concepts And Principles
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Performance Evaluation: It decides the relative performance of the various managers and the various sections of the company. Businesses depend on performance assessment metrics to equate their actual outcomes with estimates made during their planning and budgeting processes. Performance assessment allows a company to keep track of defective or unprofitable activities, but this critical benchmark is instrumental in allowing a company to align its performance with that of its direct market competitors.

Operational Control: Identifying work-in-process details on the shop-floor, and at what point of completion, further, to assist the line manager in finding bottlenecks and ensuring a smooth flow of output.

Accurate and appropriate accounts are essential to the administration of accounting and the shrewd decision-making of business leaders. If the financial statements are insufficient, misleading or incomplete, management can fail to make reasonable choices when planning the company’s long-term strategy.

Managerial Accounting Goals
Outline the fundamental values and characteristics of management accounting.

Enhance knowledge of the management accounting art.

Improve knowledge of the critical role of management accounting in organizations and ensure that it is used at the highest level.

Empower the capacity for management accounting to be realized.

Managerial Accounting Principles
The American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) and the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) have introduced four main management accounting principles that can be applied to any company, regardless of size and geographical location.

The Global Management Accounting Standards have been developed for this era of business. Management accounting is at the core of quality decision-making, as it provides the most important knowledge and analysis to value creation and preservation. The Principles guide best practices in management accounting to ensure that important decisions that generate sustainable value can be made.

The four main principles are as given below:

Influence: Effective management accounting starts and ends with discussions, enabling management to break through blockages that prevent getting everyone on the same page, and build a road to integrated thought. Effective communication offers better and simpler perspectives, in this regard, to influence the decision-making process.

Relevance: Management accounting principles provide valuable relevant inputs to the company’s policy and decision makers as and when required on a routine timely basis. This principle details about the various guidelines regarding how the past and current information (both financial and non-financial) in the form of socio-economic and environmental data retrieved from internal and external sources are detected.

Analysis: The effect on value is analysed. This theory allows organizations to model various situations to understand their effect on value creation and preservation. This concept requires a detailed understanding of the business model and the macro-economic atmosphere. Good management accounting functions can turn knowledge into insight by analyzing the effect of the situations being considered.

Trust: Transparency and accountability make the decision-making system more trustworthy. Balancing short-term economic interests against long-term stakeholder value strengthens reputation and people’s confidence in the organization.

These principles are widely applied by all categories of public and private entities, which analyse and derive data and arrive at solutions from the available knowledge. These principles serve as guidelines for the company’s policy or decision makers like the chief financial officers, chief executives and other members of the board of directors to supervise existing system and improvise strategies for the successful financial operations of their organizations. These principles are a great tool for the investors and the stakeholders associated with the companies too.


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Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.

Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?

  • Plagiarism free papers
  • Timely delivery
  • Any deadline
  • Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
  • Subject-relevant academic writer
  • Adherence to paper instructions
  • Ability to tackle bulk assignments
  • Reasonable prices
  • 24/7 Customer Support
  • Get superb grades consistently
 

Online Academic Help With Different Subjects

Literature

Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.

Finance

Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.

Computer science

Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!

Psychology

While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.

Engineering

Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.

Nursing

In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.

Sociology

Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.

Business

We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!

Statistics

We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.

Law

Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.

What discipline/subjects do you deal in?

We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.

Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?

Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.

What if I don’t like the paper?

There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.

Reasons being:

  • When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
  • We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.

In the event that you don’t like your paper:

  • The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
  • We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
  • Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.

Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?

Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.

What if the paper is plagiarized?

We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.

When will I get my paper?

You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.

Will anyone find out that I used your services?

We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.

How our Assignment  Help Service Works

1.      Place an order

You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.

2.      Pay for the order

Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.

3.      Track the progress

You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.

4.      Download the paper

The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.

smile and order essaysmile and order essay PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!

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Managerial Accounting Concepts And Principles

Managerial accounting is the method of assessing and recording information on economic activity within companies to be used by managers for planning, cost benefit analysis, cost behavior and variances, performance evaluation, and operational control. Some of these are described below:

Planning and Budgeting: Planning is to determine what items to make, where and when to produce them. Determining the materials, labor, and other services required to achieve the desired production. In management accounting, the weekly and monthly budgets control the types of goods sold, the amount of product inventory and the price points required to ensure that companies maintain adequate margins to cover expenses and stay solvent. Also, capital identifies possible future investments, such as acquisitions, purchases of new equipment, improvements to infrastructure, and long-term investment in projects.

Don't use plagiarized sources. Get Your Custom Essay on
Managerial Accounting Concepts And Principles
Just from $10/Page
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Performance Evaluation: It decides the relative performance of the various managers and the various sections of the company. Businesses depend on performance assessment metrics to equate their actual outcomes with estimates made during their planning and budgeting processes. Performance assessment allows a company to keep track of defective or unprofitable activities, but this critical benchmark is instrumental in allowing a company to align its performance with that of its direct market competitors.

Operational Control: Identifying work-in-process details on the shop-floor, and at what point of completion, further, to assist the line manager in finding bottlenecks and ensuring a smooth flow of output.

Accurate and appropriate accounts are essential to the administration of accounting and the shrewd decision-making of business leaders. If the financial statements are insufficient, misleading or incomplete, management can fail to make reasonable choices when planning the company’s long-term strategy.

Managerial Accounting Goals
Outline the fundamental values and characteristics of management accounting.

Enhance knowledge of the management accounting art.

Improve knowledge of the critical role of management accounting in organizations and ensure that it is used at the highest level.

Empower the capacity for management accounting to be realized.

Managerial Accounting Principles
The American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) and the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) have introduced four main management accounting principles that can be applied to any company, regardless of size and geographical location.

The Global Management Accounting Standards have been developed for this era of business. Management accounting is at the core of quality decision-making, as it provides the most important knowledge and analysis to value creation and preservation. The Principles guide best practices in management accounting to ensure that important decisions that generate sustainable value can be made.

The four main principles are as given below:

Influence: Effective management accounting starts and ends with discussions, enabling management to break through blockages that prevent getting everyone on the same page, and build a road to integrated thought. Effective communication offers better and simpler perspectives, in this regard, to influence the decision-making process.

Relevance: Management accounting principles provide valuable relevant inputs to the company’s policy and decision makers as and when required on a routine timely basis. This principle details about the various guidelines regarding how the past and current information (both financial and non-financial) in the form of socio-economic and environmental data retrieved from internal and external sources are detected.

Analysis: The effect on value is analysed. This theory allows organizations to model various situations to understand their effect on value creation and preservation. This concept requires a detailed understanding of the business model and the macro-economic atmosphere. Good management accounting functions can turn knowledge into insight by analyzing the effect of the situations being considered.

Trust: Transparency and accountability make the decision-making system more trustworthy. Balancing short-term economic interests against long-term stakeholder value strengthens reputation and people’s confidence in the organization.

These principles are widely applied by all categories of public and private entities, which analyse and derive data and arrive at solutions from the available knowledge. These principles serve as guidelines for the company’s policy or decision makers like the chief financial officers, chief executives and other members of the board of directors to supervise existing system and improvise strategies for the successful financial operations of their organizations. These principles are a great tool for the investors and the stakeholders associated with the companies too.


Get Professional Assignment Help Cheaply

Buy Custom Essay

Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?

Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.

Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?

  • Plagiarism free papers
  • Timely delivery
  • Any deadline
  • Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
  • Subject-relevant academic writer
  • Adherence to paper instructions
  • Ability to tackle bulk assignments
  • Reasonable prices
  • 24/7 Customer Support
  • Get superb grades consistently
 

Online Academic Help With Different Subjects

Literature

Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.

Finance

Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.

Computer science

Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!

Psychology

While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.

Engineering

Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.

Nursing

In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.

Sociology

Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.

Business

We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!

Statistics

We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.

Law

Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.

What discipline/subjects do you deal in?

We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.

Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?

Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.

What if I don’t like the paper?

There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.

Reasons being:

  • When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
  • We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.

In the event that you don’t like your paper:

  • The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
  • We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
  • Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.

Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?

Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.

What if the paper is plagiarized?

We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.

When will I get my paper?

You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.

Will anyone find out that I used your services?

We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.

How our Assignment  Help Service Works

1.      Place an order

You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.

2.      Pay for the order

Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.

3.      Track the progress

You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.

4.      Download the paper

The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.

smile and order essaysmile and order essay PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!

order custom essay paper

Managerial Accounting Concepts And Principles

Managerial Accounting Concepts
Managerial accounting is the method of assessing and recording information on economic activity within companies to be used by managers for planning, cost benefit analysis, cost behavior and variances, performance evaluation, and operational control. Some of these are described below:

Planning and Budgeting: Planning is to determine what items to make, where and when to produce them. Determining the materials, labor, and other services required to achieve the desired production. In management accounting, the weekly and monthly budgets control the types of goods sold, the amount of product inventory and the price points required to ensure that companies maintain adequate margins to cover expenses and stay solvent. Also, capital identifies possible future investments, such as acquisitions, purchases of new equipment, improvements to infrastructure, and long-term investment in projects.

Don't use plagiarized sources. Get Your Custom Essay on
Managerial Accounting Concepts And Principles
Just from $10/Page
Order Essay

Performance Evaluation: It decides the relative performance of the various managers and the various sections of the company. Businesses depend on performance assessment metrics to equate their actual outcomes with estimates made during their planning and budgeting processes. Performance assessment allows a company to keep track of defective or unprofitable activities, but this critical benchmark is instrumental in allowing a company to align its performance with that of its direct market competitors.

Operational Control: Identifying work-in-process details on the shop-floor, and at what point of completion, further, to assist the line manager in finding bottlenecks and ensuring a smooth flow of output.

Accurate and appropriate accounts are essential to the administration of accounting and the shrewd decision-making of business leaders. If the financial statements are insufficient, misleading or incomplete, management can fail to make reasonable choices when planning the company’s long-term strategy.

Managerial Accounting Goals
Outline the fundamental values and characteristics of management accounting.

Enhance knowledge of the management accounting art.

Improve knowledge of the critical role of management accounting in organizations and ensure that it is used at the highest level.

Empower the capacity for management accounting to be realized.

Managerial Accounting Principles
The American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) and the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) have introduced four main management accounting principles that can be applied to any company, regardless of size and geographical location.

The Global Management Accounting Standards have been developed for this era of business. Management accounting is at the core of quality decision-making, as it provides the most important knowledge and analysis to value creation and preservation. The Principles guide best practices in management accounting to ensure that important decisions that generate sustainable value can be made.

The four main principles are as given below:

Influence: Effective management accounting starts and ends with discussions, enabling management to break through blockages that prevent getting everyone on the same page, and build a road to integrated thought. Effective communication offers better and simpler perspectives, in this regard, to influence the decision-making process.

Relevance: Management accounting principles provide valuable relevant inputs to the company’s policy and decision makers as and when required on a routine timely basis. This principle details about the various guidelines regarding how the past and current information (both financial and non-financial) in the form of socio-economic and environmental data retrieved from internal and external sources are detected.

Analysis: The effect on value is analysed. This theory allows organizations to model various situations to understand their effect on value creation and preservation. This concept requires a detailed understanding of the business model and the macro-economic atmosphere. Good management accounting functions can turn knowledge into insight by analyzing the effect of the situations being considered.

Trust: Transparency and accountability make the decision-making system more trustworthy. Balancing short-term economic interests against long-term stakeholder value strengthens reputation and people’s confidence in the organization.

These principles are widely applied by all categories of public and private entities, which analyse and derive data and arrive at solutions from the available knowledge. These principles serve as guidelines for the company’s policy or decision makers like the chief financial officers, chief executives and other members of the board of directors to supervise existing system and improvise strategies for the successful financial operations of their organizations. These principles are a great tool for the investors and the stakeholders associated with the companies too.


Get Professional Assignment Help Cheaply

Buy Custom Essay

Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?

Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.

Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?

  • Plagiarism free papers
  • Timely delivery
  • Any deadline
  • Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
  • Subject-relevant academic writer
  • Adherence to paper instructions
  • Ability to tackle bulk assignments
  • Reasonable prices
  • 24/7 Customer Support
  • Get superb grades consistently
 

Online Academic Help With Different Subjects

Literature

Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.

Finance

Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.

Computer science

Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!

Psychology

While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.

Engineering

Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.

Nursing

In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.

Sociology

Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.

Business

We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!

Statistics

We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.

Law

Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.

What discipline/subjects do you deal in?

We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.

Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?

Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.

What if I don’t like the paper?

There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.

Reasons being:

  • When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
  • We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.

In the event that you don’t like your paper:

  • The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
  • We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
  • Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.

Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?

Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.

What if the paper is plagiarized?

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Managerial Accounting Concepts and Principles

 

Managerial Accounting Concepts and Principles

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Chapter 14

 

Wild and Shaw

Financial and Managerial Accounting

8th Edition

 

Copyright 2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14: Managerial Accounting Concepts and Principles

 

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Chapter 14 Learning Objectives

CONCEPTUAL

C1 Explain the purpose and nature of, and the role of ethics in, managerial accounting.

C2 Describe accounting concepts useful in classifying costs.

C3 Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

C4 Explain how balance sheets and income statements for manufacturing, merchandising, and service companies differ.

C5 Explain manufacturing activities and the flow of manufacturing costs.

C6 Describe trends in managerial accounting.

 

ANALYTICAL

A1 Assess raw materials inventory management using raw materials inventory turnover and days sales in raw materials inventory.

 

PROCEDURAL

P1 Compute cost of goods sold for a manufacturer and for a merchandiser.

P2 Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured and explain its purpose and links to financial statements.

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C1: Explain the purpose and nature of, and the role of ethics in, managerial accounting.

 

Learning Objective

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Managerial accounting provides financial and

nonfinancial information

for managers of an organization and other

decision makers.

Managerial Accounting Basics

 

Learning Objective C1: Explain the purpose and nature of, and the role of ethics in, managerial accounting.

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Managerial accounting provides financial and nonfinancial information to an organizations managers. Managers include, for example, employees in charge of a companys divisions; the heads of marketing, information technology, and human resources; and top-level managers such as the chief executive officer (CEO) and chief financial officer (CFO). This section explains the purpose of managerial accounting (also called management accounting) and compares it with financial accounting.

 

 

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Purpose of Managerial Accounting

 

Learning Objective C1: Explain the purpose and nature of, and the role of ethics in, managerial accounting.

Planning

Develop new products?

Expand into new markets?

Build a new factory?

Control

Are costs too high?

Are services profitable?

Are customers satisfied?

Exhibit 14.1

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The purpose of managerial accounting is to provide useful information to aid in three key managerial tasks:

determining the costs of an organizations products and services

planning future activities

comparing actual results to planned results

 

Planning is the process of setting goals and making plans to achieve them. Long-term strategic plans usually span a 5-10 year horizon.

 

Control is the process of monitoring planning decisions and evaluating an organizations activities and employees. Feedback provided by the control function allows managers to revise their plans.

 

 

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Nature of Managerial Accounting

 

Learning Objective C1: Explain the purpose and nature of, and the role of ethics in, managerial accounting.

Exhibit 14.2

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Managerial accounting differs from financial accounting. We discuss seven key differences in this section, as summarized in this slide.

 

 

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Fraud and Ethics in Managerial Accounting

Fraud affects all business and it is costly: The 2016 Report to the Nations from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) estimates the average U.S. business loses 5% of its annual revenues to fraud.

An internal control system is the policies and procedures used to:

Ensure reliable accounting

Protect assets

Uphold company policies

Promote efficient operations.

The Institute of Management Accountants has issued a code of ethics to help accountants involved in solving ethical dilemmas.

 

Learning Objective C1: Explain the purpose and nature of, and the role of ethics in, managerial accounting.

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Fraud, and the role of ethics in reducing fraud, are important factors in running business operations. Fraud involves the use of ones job for personal gain through the deliberate misuse of the employers assets. Examples include theft of the employers cash or other assets, overstating reimbursable expenses, payroll schemes, and financial statement fraud. Three factors must exist for a person to commit fraud: opportunity, financial pressure, and rationalization. This is known as the fraud triangle. Fraud affects all business and it is costly: The 2016 Report to the Nations from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) estimates the average U.S. business loses 5% of its annual revenues to fraud.

 

Combating fraud requires ethics in accounting. Ethics are beliefs that distinguish right from wrong. They are accepted standards of good and bad behavior. Identifying the ethical path can be difficult. The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), the professional association for management accountants, has issued a code of ethics to help accountants in solve ethical dilemmas. The IMAs Statement of Ethical Professional Practice requires that management accountants be competent, maintain confidentiality, act with integrity, and communicate information in a fair and credible manner.

 

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Career Paths

Managerial accounting information is used in many careers:

Marketing staff need sales and cost data to decide which products to promote.

Management needs sales force details to evaluate performance.

Entrepreneurs use costs, budgets, and financial statements.

Nonbusiness majors use accounting information as their careers advance.

 

Learning Objective C1: Explain the purpose and nature of, and the role of ethics in, managerial accounting.

Exhibit 14.4

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Managerial accountants are highly regarded and in high demand. Managerial accountants must have strong communication skills, understand how businesses work, and be team players. They must also possess skills to analyze information and think critically, and they are often considered to be important business advisors. Exhibit 14.4 shows estimated annual salaries from recent surveys.

 

 

 

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C2: Describe accounting concepts useful in classifying costs.

 

Learning Objective

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Activity

Cost

 

 

 

Activity

Cost

 

 

Types of Cost Classifications Fixed versus Variable

Cost behavior refers to how a cost will changes, in total, with changes in the volume of activity.

Total fixed costs do not change when activity changes.

 

Total variable costs change in proportion to activity changes.

 

Learning Objective C2: Describe accounting concepts useful in classifying costs.

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Fixed versus Variable A cost can be classified by how it changes, in total, with changes in the volume of activity. Fixed costs do not change with changes in the volume of activity (within a range of activity known as an activitys relevant range). For example, straight-line depreciation on equipment is a fixed cost. Variable costs change in proportion to changes in the volume of activity. Sales commissions computed as a percent of sales revenue are variable costs.

 

 

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Direct costs

Costs traceable to a single cost object.

Examples: material and labor cost for a product.

Indirect costs

Costs that cannot be traced to a single cost object.

Example: maintenance expenditure benefiting two or more departments.

Types of Cost Classifications Direct versus Indirect

 

Learning Objective C2: Describe accounting concepts useful in classifying costs.

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A cost is often traced to a cost object, which is a product, process, department, or customer to which costs are assigned. Direct costs are traceable to a single cost object. Indirect costs cannot be easily and cost-beneficially traced to a single cost object.

 

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C3: Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

 

Learning Objective

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Product

Types of Cost Classifications Product versus Period Costs

Direct Labor

Direct Material

Manufacturing Overhead

 

 

Period costs are expenses not attached to the product.

Administrative costs are non-manufacturing costs of staff support and administrative functions.

Selling costs are incurred to obtain orders and to deliver finished goods to customers.

 

Learning Objective C3: Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

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All production (or factory) costs are product costs. Product costs are those production costs necessary to create a product and consist of: direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead. Overhead refers to production costs other than direct materials and direct labor. Product costs are capitalized as inventory during and after completion of the products; they become cost of goods sold when those products are sold.

 

Period costs are non-production costs and are usually more associated with activities linked to a time period than with completed products. Common examples of period costs include salaries of the sales staff, wages of maintenance workers, advertising expenses, and depreciation on office furniture and equipment. Period costs and are expensed in the period when incurred either as selling expenses or as general and administrative expenses.

 

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Period and Product Costs in Financial Statements

 

Learning Objective C3: Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

Exhibit 14.7

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This slide shows the different effects of product and period costs. Period costs flow directly to the current income statement as expenses. They are not reported as assets. Product costs are first assigned to inventory. Their final treatment depends on when inventory is sold or disposed of. Product costs assigned to finished goods that are sold in year 2019 are reported on the 2019 income statement as cost of goods sold. Product costs assigned to unsold inventory are carried forward on the balance sheet at the end of year 2019. If this inventory is sold in year 2020, product costs assigned to it are reported as cost of goods sold in that years income statement.

 

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Identifications of Cost Classifications

 

Learning Objective C3: Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

Exhibit 14.9

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Costs can be classified using any one (or combination) of the three different means described here. Understanding how to classify costs in several different ways enables managers to use cost information for a variety of decisions. Factory rent, for instance, is classified as a product cost; it is fixed with respect to the number of units produced, and it is indirect with respect to the product. Potential multiple classifications are shown in this slide using different cost items incurred in manufacturing mountain bikes. The finished bike is the cost object. Managerial decisions based on cost data depend on correct cost classifications.

 

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Cost Concepts for Service Companies

The cost concepts described are generally applicable to service organizations.

For example, the cost of beverages for passengers of Southwest Airlines is a variable cost based on number of passengers.

 

Learning Objective C3: Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

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The cost concepts also apply to service organizations. For example, consider Southwest Airlines, and assume the cost object is a flight. The airlines cost of beverages for passengers is a variable cost based on number of flights. The monthly cost of leasing an aircraft is fixed with respect to number of flights. We can also trace a flight crews salary to a specific flight whereas we likely cannot trace wages for the ground crew to a specific flight. Classification as product versus period costs is not relevant to service companies because services are not inventoried. Instead, costs incurred by a service firm are expensed in the reporting period when incurred.

 

Managers in service companies must understand and apply cost concepts. For example, an airline manager must often decide between canceling or rerouting flights. The manager must be able to estimate costs saved by canceling a flight versus rerouting. Knowledge of fixed costs is equally important.

 

 

 

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Managerial Reporting

 

Learning Objective C3: Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

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Companies with manufacturing activities differ from both merchandising and service companies. The main difference between merchandising and manufacturing companies is that merchandisers buy goods ready for sale while manufacturers produce goods from materials and labor. Amazon is a merchandiser. It buys and sells goods without physically changing them. Adidas is a manufacturer of shoes, apparel, and accessories. It purchases materials such as leather, cloth, dye, plastic, rubber, glue, and laces and then uses employees labor to convert these materials to products. Southwest is a service company that transports people and items.

 

 

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Example:

Steel used in the frame of a mountain bike.

Direct Materials

Direct materials costs are the expenditures for direct materials that are separately and readily traced through the manufacturing process to finished goods.

 

Learning Objective C3: Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

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Direct materials are tangible components of a finished product. Direct material costs are the expenditures for direct materials that are separately and readily traced through the manufacturing process to finished goods. Examples of direct materials in manufacturing a mountain bike include its tires, seat, frame, pedals, brakes, cables, gears, and handlebars.

 

 

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Example:

Wages paid to a mountain bike assembly worker.

Direct Labor

Direct labor costs are the wages and salaries for direct labor that are separately and readily traced through the manufacturing process to finished goods.

 

Learning Objective C3: Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

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Direct labor refers to the employees who physically convert materials to finished product. Direct labor costs are the wages and benefits for direct labor that are separately and readily traced through the manufacturing process to finished goods. Examples of direct labor in manufacturing a mountain bike include operators directly involved in converting raw materials into finished products (welding, painting, forming) and assembly workers who attach materials such as tires, seats, pedals, and brakes.

 

 

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Examples:

Indirect labor maintenance.

Indirect material cleaning supplies. Factory utility costs. Supervisory costs.

Factory Overhead

Factory overhead consists of all manufacturing costs that are not direct materials or direct labor and are not separately traced to finished goods.

 

Learning Objective C3: Define product and period costs and explain how they impact financial statements.

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