Blood flow depicts the flow into a tissue, vessel, or organ, which is commonly expressed per unit of time in terms of blood volume. Blood is fluid; the main component of blood is water; therefore, it shows all fluid-like properties. Blood flows through the different organs with the help of vessels such as arteries, veins, and capillaries. The circulatory system of the body is mainly dependent on blood and the heart.
There are three categories of blood vessels available: arteries, veins, and capillaries. In the circulation phase, each of these plays a very particular function. Oxygenated blood is carried by an artery it carries from the heart to other body tissues. They are tough on the outside, but they have a smooth inner layer of epithelial cells that easily flow the blood. A solid, muscular middle layer that helps pump blood through the body is also present in the arteries. Capillaries bind veins to the arteries. The arteries carry the oxygen-rich blood to the capillaries, where oxygen as well as carbon dioxide, are shared. The capillaries carry the blood containing wastes to the veins. This results in returning the waste-rich blood to the lungs and heart for movement. The blood is taken back to the human heart by the veins. They are the same as arteries, but they’re not as dense or as deep. Veins have valves that ensure blood flows in only one direction, unlike arteries. Valves often allow blood to migrate against the force of gravity back to the heart. The velocity of the constant flow of blood is inversely proportional to the radius squared. So, Reducing the radius by 50 percent in the illustration seen in the diagram allows the velocity to rise at constant flow 4-fold.
A blood vessel can be an artery or vein, and it is made of three coats. The names of three coats are tunica internal, tunica media, and tunica external. The innermost covering is tunica internal, and it is formed of endothelium and elastic membrane. Tunica media is the middle coat formed of smooth circular muscle and a network of elastic muscle fiber. Tunica external is the outermost coat that is made up of collagen-rich connective tissue. Capillaries are the thinner branches of arterioles inside the organ. The average diameter of the arteriole is 120 micrometers. Each of the capillaries is lined by endothelium. This endothelium provides the exchange of materials like nutrients, respiratory gases, and hormones.
Blood flow and radius
Blood flow is a medium of transportation and excretion of some waste products. It helps in the transportation of some gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin of the blood is important for the transportation of oxygen molecules. The flow of blood occurs from a higher pressure region to a lower pressure area. The blood flow is measured as blood pressure. The oxygenated blood from the heart travels through the artery, and then it flows to the arteriole and then into the capillaries. Capillaries are the finest arterioles that reach the organs. From capillaries, blood runs into venule, and then into the vein, deoxygenated blood from veins is carried to the heart again. The velocity or speed of the blood flow depends on the cross-sectional area of the blood vessels. When the cross-sectional area is small, the blood flow will be more in that region. Vasoconstriction leads to increased pressure in veins. The viscosity of plasma is another factor in which the blood flow can be affected. The viscosity in the body fluctuates with the changing temperature of the body. At the normal temperature of the body, the plasma viscosity is 1.4 mN.s/m2 In a blood vessel, the value of blood flow can be connected to velocity by stating that the blood flow is equal to velocity and vessel’s cross-sectional area. A vessel’s cross-sectional area is equal to pi (π) times the radius square. The relation between flow of blood and velocity can be stated as blood flow equals the velocity multiplied by pi (π) times the radius square.
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